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December 4, 2010

Melanie Preiser

The quality of river water in general is not good and rivers can’t be used for any purpose at all anymore!

Despite the fact that the International Agreements signed for trans-boundary rivers are well respected, at the conference I attended last Monday, organised by the Eco-Ethics International Union, it was mentioned by members of the Worldbank that the Lower Akaki river possibly is one of the most polluted rivers in the world.

That the Akaki river (lower catchment) definitely is the worst case and thus a prominent example of at least the dirtiest river in Ethiopia, is what most of the individuals being interviewed could confirm.

Interviews were held with Mr. Abebaw Chala who is a researcher and an environmentalist from Addis Ababa University, Adipex-P price, coupon, Getaneh Gebre and Addisu G/Medhin, both Environmental Pollution Research Officers of the AAEPA (Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Agency), Mekonnen Maschal (Addis Ababa Solid Waste Management Agency), Mr. Gemechis Tilahun (Sewage Removal Service Sub-Process Owner, working for the Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority), buy Adipex-P online cod, and I also spoke to an independent researcher, Mr. X, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Mister Maschal informed The Reporter that the Akaki river is heavily polluted due to being used as e.g. a disposing place for toilet waste (householder’s houses being linked to the river illegally) as well as a dumping site for industries. Kjøpe Adipex-P på nett, köpa Adipex-P online, Research confirms that most of the rivers that are found around cities in Ethiopia are polluted.

The Awash river is extremely dirty as well. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Factories dispose a large quantity of chemicals and liquids. A next polluter are farmers; they use insecticides, herbicides as well as pesticides to maintain their farmlands, and during the rainy season the waste is carried by the service run off which leads directly into the river.

According to independent research, Adipex-P from canadian pharmacy, Lake Awasa is very much neglected due to hotels in the surroundings. There is this downstream river which is connected with the lake and as a result is polluted too.

Measured by physical parameters it has become clear that the following concentrations in the water based on e.g. pH, Temperature, BOD’s (Biochemical Oxygene Demand), COD’s (Chemical Oxygen Demand), Total Coliform, E.Coli, Trace metals H9,Cd, Pb (lead), Cr (Chromonium), As (Arsenicum), are still too high, no matter the fact that EPA comes up with developed standards for the industry to limit the discharge of stressed metals, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

As per the independent researcher, Order Adipex-P no prescription, village people still use river water for drinking purpose, cooking and washing, because they don’t have access to purified water. Also the cattle will drink from it.

Abebaw: Rivers are useful for the biosphere (all sorts of plants, animals and micro-organisms), buy Adipex-P from canada. They can also be used for recreation, if clean. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, And in some areas the water is even used for drinking by for example little children that play next to the Akaki riverside.

Also the (river) water is used for agricultural purposes. Mr. Where to buy Adipex-P, Abebaw mentioned that there was a research in 2008 on vegetables that were grown by river water in different corners of the city. He declares that the researchers were taking many samples and analyzed them repeatedly. Amongst the rivers three were selected, crossing Arada sub-City, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. It revealed that vegetables grown by Kechene and Gordeme or Banchiyiketu river waters were found to posses large quantities of heavy metals such as iron, cobalt, lead, pathogens etc, buy Adipex-P online no prescription. that may cause serious health hazards when consumed by human beings. Vegetables grown by Kebena river water were found to contain heavy metals such as zinc in higher concentrations. ‘In fact, amongst these three rivers the Kebena river is the lesser polluted, Adipex-P trusted pharmacy reviews, ’ Abebaw tells The Reporter and he goes on: ‘Forty to fifty years ago the population was not more than 30 or 40 million. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Natural resources were maintained, but as soon as the population started to grow tremendously and industrialization began, plus the fact that urbanisation increased fast, the problems with pollution became bigger and bigger and people have to live in congested areas.

People dispose latrine waste, domestic waste and chemicals into the river.

It’s incredible to think that 20-25 years ago, you could still catch fish from a nearby stream.

The AAEPA can confirm on all of the above and adds that sanitation facilities have become a problem too, canada, mexico, india. ‘And with regard to the industries, the old established factories unfortunately don’t possess treatment facilities so far because of the cost,’ Mr. Gebre informs, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Mr. Buy cheap Adipex-P, Abebaw mentioned that the water is affected by 1. Physical deterioration (e.g. the colour of the water is not good), 2. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Chemical deterioration (e.g. urban dwellers –who dispose their waste despite the fact that it’s against the city’s master plan that states ‘green areas like river banks must be free from any human interventions within 15 to 30 meters range in inner city areas’) 3. Biological deterioration (no aquatic animals, ordering Adipex-P online, flora/fauna world becomes destroyed)

Addis Ababa City Government Administration has adopted laws proclaimed in the Constitution. As an example in article 44, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution says that all the communities in Ethiopia have the right to live in a clean and non-polluted environment.

Asked about what the general mindset is of people, Purchase Adipex-P, I was told that based on a recent research on the sub-city of two Woredas the mindset of many people is backward. Many people are selfish and they dump their trashes regardless into the water or simply spoil any form of nature, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. And where people say that they don’t have another option, here the government should interfere, e.g. placing more dust bins, containers etc, australia, uk, us, usa. But of course as usual, there are financial constraints, shortage of skilled manpower etc.

According to AAEPA fortunately things at least are more regulated nowadays; like in 1994 everything was still based on city level whereas at present there are sub-cities that look after and are in better control of a specific part of town and awareness is raised, Order Adipex-P online c.o.d, also by for example EPA in schools, organising environmental clubs. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Maschal too thinks that most people are aware of the garbage-issue, but as per him the attitude so far hasn’t changed much yet. The problem remains that most people don’t put their knowledge into practice, although a positive point is that the youth of the city is at present feeling more responsible and it has been their initiative lately to clean up the riverside.

The Addis Ababa Youth Association coordinated the youth within the organised Solid Waste Cleaning-Campaign. Orphans as well as street children who live under the bridge were stimulated to get involved into the river cleaning and the Waste Agency would offer an incentive of 300.000 birr for sponsoring the campaign, where can i find Adipex-P online.

Mr. Maschal thinks that the law that deals with pollution will become stricter in the future, like higher penalties will arise as this problem becomes more and more an urgent matter, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Mr. Tilahun (AAWSA) reckons that the attitude of people on sanitation has improved and he believes that people are working towards a good attitude of disposing waste and are eager to see Addis Ababa clean in the future. Also lots of participation is there and besides, Buy Adipex-P without prescription, the government raises awareness although people+government could organise still more even.

Researcher X: Asked about the general mindset of the people, the reply is that people in Ethiopia are fully aware of the existing environmental pollution-issue (media, radio etc.). BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, However, they unfortunately still have no consideration and lack the responsibility to care better and protect nature and the natural resources. Maybe the mistake as well is because there were no models in the past and therefore the problem has not been raised clearly at an earlier stage, making people more aware, purchase Adipex-P online.

Strict and good/suitable laws do exist already but the problem is implementation. The problem with this implementation lies with the institutional instability. Institutions unfortunately are still lacking the capacity and judges are as yet not familiar enough with environmental issues and the know-how is missing. However, judges, public prosecutors and police forces are getting trained more and more by the Ministry of Justice in collaboration with environmental office, to get a better overview and dealing in a more accurate way with the issue, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

On a Community level, Online buy Adipex-P without a prescription, people sometimes don’t have another option other than to dump the waste, like pipes of pit latrines leading towards the river, illegally. What is important both on Government level as well as on the Community level is again that awareness, as much as possible, should be raised, comprar en línea Adipex-P, comprar Adipex-P baratos.

At the current situation Governmental Administration is too much decentralized according to Abebaw; this means that the Woredas which act by their own, unfortunately not all of them enforce the law as they should. Tilahun agrees; nowadays there are a lot of proclamations, regulations etc. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, to control the contamination, but enforcing is kind of a problem, and it will be hard to close down these old factories, because people will lose their jobs. Buying Adipex-P online over the counter, Another issue Abebaw mentioned, confirm with the above statement of researcher X, is that Social Courts in the Woredas are lacking the knowledge when it comes to environmental issues. According to Abebaw too the law should be strictly implemented in the coming time.

The other thing he notices is, during the winter season, buy Adipex-P from mexico, when floods take place, heavy metals, like cadmium, lead etc. Where to buy Adipex-P, all of this becomes attached to the pipe and chemically it will react. Therefore the pipe happens to be porous, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. As a result rust is caused, joining the drinking water.

The government has been transplanting most of the metal pipelines by PVC and in the near future, all of them will be replaced by PVC pipes according to some sources.

Speaking with Getaneh Gebre and Addisu G/Medhin, buy Adipex-P from mexico, both Environmental Pollution Research Officers of the AAEPA (Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Agency), they explain that protecting measures, like raising awareness are taken by the EPA and other authorities. It’s necessary to inform the audience about the potential impacts and show them the status of the river in Addis Ababa. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Solid waste is currently one of the main issues in town and there are demonstration sites where people are shown how to segregate. Buy Adipex-P from canada, Also different workshops are organised and information is also provided to the media.

The standards are already there, as well as inspection-teams, but so far there still remain some gaps. According to Mr. Gebre the law probably should be strengthened and enforced better for in the future, order Adipex-P from mexican pharmacy, in case the current law would not be sufficiently appropriate.

Gebre reassured that drinking water won’t be affected by river pollution and the old pipes are –or will be– replaced by PVC, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Maschal lets know that ever since two years ago there is this rule that enforces that no-one is allowed to dump trash into the river. If this does happen, the particular person or company will be fined and the Agency will advise that person or company. Buy no prescription Adipex-P online, The first disposal site was constructed about 48 years ago, and from that time onwards the river pollution became an issue as well, according to Maschal.

So, the Solid Waste Management-option has been designed, it stands for a safe environmentally friendly waste management system, buy Adipex-P online cod. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Next to this, the Solid Waste Management Agency created a Solid-Waste Management Policy and a Proclamation (Aawaj); based on this a regulation is there to prevent throwing waste in the open air/rivers. The regulation is extracted from the policy. As soon as waste is dumped, a penalty arises, by applying the cord of enforcement. Where to buy Adipex-P, Asked whether drinking water will be affected by river pollution, the reply is that all drinking water is standardised and qualified, unless it is polluted at the distribution lines. There is this reservoir which is controlled by WHO.

However, within the current used pipes there are many leakages and cracks and because of individuals and factories throwing liquid waste into the rivers where the pipelines pass through, river water infiltrates and possibly mingles with the drinking water, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Also, according to Mr, buy Adipex-P no prescription. Maschal, river water is re-charging the groundwater in a direct way, so it can pollute our ground water resources.

Tilahun informs that the history of the piped water supply to the city of Addis Ababa started more than a hundred years ago, Buy cheap Adipex-P, back in 1900.

In 1942 his Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I launched a reconstruction and rehabilitation program in Addis Ababa Municipality and the Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA) was established as an autonomous body by order No 68/1971 issued on the 26th of February , 1971. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, The main objectives of AAWSA are:
1. The supply of safe and adequate water and
2. The provision of wastewater and sludge disposal service referenced from the proclamation

Tilahun continues, stating that if the river is polluted, buy Adipex-P without a prescription, it requires a lot of money for cleaning treatment and sometimes the dirt is hard to remove.

Currently according to the report from AAWASA only 7-8% of the wasted water in the city is correctly collected and treated. The modern sewerage system serves very limited areas of the city in Kaliti catchment, one of the three catchments found in Addis Ababa, Where can i buy cheapest Adipex-P online, and an estimated 5-7% of the population of Addis Ababa .

From the above data, one can easily conclude that the rest is disposed illegal, in most of the cases people dump solid waste (like plastics), waste from septic tank and pit latrines etc, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. into the rivers and the storm drainage line. Unfortunately so far AAWSA isn’t able to provide the whole city with modern sewerage systems and adequate sludge transporting cars from government and private organizations. There where sewerage systems and car services are lacking, people will connect the pipelines to the river illegally. And to those who have access, where can i find Adipex-P online, some of them still will connect pipelines to the river - and drainage line illegally, saving on costs and also because of low awareness. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Other causes mentioned are again the industries, lacking pre-treatment facilities, farmlands, using pesticides and fertilizers and another factor to be named where construction-sites, sometimes dumping the old materials.

The Koshe dumping site is in the open-air and not controlled, also waste here is not separated. Buy generic Adipex-P, In the rainy season it will be washed, and chemicals do leak into the river. However, a new one is under construction .

According to Tilahun drinking water will not be affected by river pollution as the ground water is too deep and after all the quality is checked constantly.

When asked whether there would be a stricter law in the future, Tilahun confirms with: ‘Yes there should be, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Urbanisation is very high now, therefore more pollution controlling is necessary. And when you develop you should consider the environment!’

The plan exists to construct a sewerage service system all over Addis Ababa and the priority nowadays is high but more international donors are therefore needed to support part of the work.

As said, trucks are still used because the entire sewerage system still hasn’t been completed as yet. The plan of the sewerage system started 27 years ago and so far only 180 km of lines have been completed, this is only 5-7% of the sewerage line required. BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, The independent researcher finally confirms and concludes that:
The issue of contaminated river water exist and has become a bigger problem since the population has increased and also due to urbanization. The industries are another factor, they are getting larger all the time and most of those factories are situated next to the river side. The factories don’t possess the cleaning mechanisms, especially the older ones taking into account.

The authorities have set up environmental protection agencies to create awareness by the audience and penalize those who pollute. There is the Federal Protection Authority that makes federal laws and that assists in offering other regions technical assistance where needed, they also advice them when it comes down to implementation. A plus point is that the regional/district agencies nowadays are getting more and more organized and independent so that they can sort things better within the area, BUY Adipex-P ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

There are a few occasions on which drinking/potable water will be affected by contamination, which leads to diseases like cholera and aqua-tabs are still recommended. The pipes next to the river are the main cause of contamination are the pipes next to the river. As soon as the river is flooding during the winter season, the water touches the pipes and infiltrates within the material. Therefore the purified water is mixed with the dirty river water.

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